Mobility Pattern Aware Mobile Ad hoc Networks and It�s Applications in m-Governance

Ad hoc networks are emerging as the next generation of networks. An ad hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile stations connected by wireless links, union of these mobile stations form a communication network in the form of an arbitrary communication graph. Mobile stations in mobile ad hoc network are not just end systems, each node must be able to function as a router as well to relay the packets generated by other nodes. In ad hoc networks, a node moves to different locations over time, thus creating a different network topology. Routing in ad hoc network has been an active area of research. Significant work has been done on routing in ad hoc network. But with increasing acceptance of mobile ad hoc networks, the demand now is being placed on performance of these types of networks due to nondeterministic nature of these networks. Non deterministic nature is inherent property of mobile ad hoc network, but there are cases where the mobile node movements are predictable to some extent. It is the mobility of nodes that renders the network topology in a state of flux, resulting in degradation in performance of network. Issues of mobility can be resolved by defining mobility into various patterns. This paper tries to characterize the mobility of the nodes into some pre-identified mobility patterns where movements can be approximated to simple patterns and this information may be used to bring in predictability to motion. Most of the prior research on ad hoc networks assumed random mobility model but real world is complex and vastly diverse that makes the existing models inappropriate of representing the real world context properly. This paper proposes a general mobility model capable of considering more realistic scenarios by exploiting the concept of fixed hotspot inclusion. The mGovernance is at its nascent stage. Because MANETs are infrastructure less, they can be easily adapted to provide low cost m-Governance services. This paper describes how these mobility patterns can be used in m-Governance and how adoption of these patterns affects performance of network.